Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Nested under units are lessons in purple and hands-on activities in blue. Note that not all lessons and activities will exist under a unit, and instead may exist as "standalone" curriculum. Engineers know that understanding the physics of how pendulums behave is an important step towards understanding all kinds of motion.
Many other objects move back and forth regularly like pendulums, such as a weight bouncing up and down on a spring, and the back and forth movement of radio waves. In addition to using pendulums in clocks, engineers use them to detect earthquakes, measure how fast a bullet is flying, help buildings to resist earthquake shaking and help robots balance. In Taiwan's capital city, the Taipei skyscraper has a giant ton pendulum suspended over the 88th floor to counteract winds, reducing the building's sway and keeping motion sickness at bay.
Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K science, technology, engineering or math STEM educational standards. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e. View aligned curriculum. Do you agree with this alignment?
Thanks for your feedback! Students learn what a pendulum is and how it works in the context of amusement park rides. While exploring the physics of pendulums, they are also introduced to Newton's first law of motion — about continuous motion and inertia.
After watching a film clip of the "Galloping Gertie" bridge collapse and a teacher demo with a simple pendulum, student groups discuss and then research the idea of motion that repeats itself—specifically the concepts of periodic and harmonic motion. They learn the basic properties of this type Students examine the motion of pendulums and come to understand that the longer the pendulum string, the fewer the number of swings in a given time interval. Student groups conduct an experiment, collecting and graphing data on a worksheet.
Students experientially learn about the characteristics of a simple physics phenomenon — the pendulum — by riding on playground swings. They use pendulum terms and a timer to experiment with swing variables. They extend their knowledge by following the steps of the engineering design process to desi Basic understanding of forces such as lift, weight, thrust and drag, and rotational motion and angular momentum. Have you ever played on a swing?
As you swing, you smoothly ride from the top of one arc, through the bottom, to the top on the other side of the swing, and back again. When you are on a swing, you move like a pendulum. A pendulum is a string hanging from a fixed spot with a weight called a bob at one end that can swing back and forth. One day in the late s, a budding scientist named Galileo Galilei was sitting in church when he noticed the chandeliers hanging from the ceiling were swinging back and forth.
Some of the lamps were making great big swings, and others were only making little swings back and forth, but they all went back and forth pretty regularly. Galileo was curious, and so he decided to use his heartbeat to measure how long it took the pendulums to swing back and forth.
He was very surprised by what he learned. Today, you will repeat Galileo's experiment to learn about pendulums. Many people consider Galileo to be the "father of experimental science. Galileo certainly thought a lot, but he did something that not many other people did — he designed experiments to test his ideas. This is how people do science and engineering today!
From his experiments, Galileo was able to describe the motion of a pendulum with the mathematical equation included in this lesson. Eventually, he came up with the idea of using a pendulum as a way to keep track of time.
He used his discoveries as a tool for other experiments, in which he made many other discoveries. Engineers also use inventions and discoveries to build new things. Today, engineers use pendulums in clocks, but they also use them for detecting earthquakes and helping buildings resist shaking. Engineers use pendulums to measure how fast a bullet is flying, and to help robots balance.
Maybe you can think of some new ways to use a pendulum, too! It turns out that understanding a pendulum's motion is really useful. Many other objects move back and forth regularly like pendulums, such as a weight bouncing up and down on a spring, a wheel spinning around — even radio waves go back and forth! The physics of understanding how pendulums behave is an important step towards understanding all kinds of motion.
Refer to the associated activity Swing in Time for students to learn how pendulums work by using simple, hand-made pendulums to experiment with various string lengths and weights. During his life, Galileo made many scientific discoveries, including descriptions of gravity and the motion of falling objects, moons of Jupiter, new kinds of thermometers and many other things.
He was a pioneer of the scientific method of investigating the world around us. Each swing encounters that resistance and it slows down the swing, although it might not be enough to be noticeable during one swing.
Friction also slows down the swing. If the pendulum is swinging based upon inertia from the initial release eventually it will come to a stop. The swing rate of a pendulum adjusts when placed in close proximity to another pendulum. This phenomenon is called sympathetic vibration. The pendulums pass motion and energy back and forth.
This transfer will eventually cause the swing rate of one pendulum to be identical with that of the other pendulum. Robert Alley has been a freelance writer since He has covered a variety of subjects, including science and sports, for various websites.
What Affects the Swing Rate of a Pendulum? How to Calculate Pendulum Force. Different Types of Pendulums. How to Calculate the Period of Pendulum. How to Convert Hertz to Milliseconds. History of the Pendulum. Why Is a Pendulum Scientifically Important? Lay the meter stick on the backs of the two chairs, centered on the back of each.
Cut a second piece of string to a length of 35 cm. Tie one end of both strings to the meter stick, toward the middle of the stick. Space the strings about 20 to 30 cm apart on the meter stick. Alternatively, if you are using pennies and tape, securely tape three pennies to the free end of each string. Drop the longer pendulum and, at the same time, have the assistant start the stopwatch.
Then have the assistant stop the stopwatch when the pendulum returns back to its original position. If the pendulum hit anything as it swung, such as the wall, readjust your setup and try timing the pendulum again. How long does it take the longer pendulum to swing back to its original position?
This is the period of the pendulum. Drop the shorter pendulum and, once more, have the assistant time the period of the pendulum. How long does it take the shorter pendulum to swing back to its original position? Are the periods consistent for each pendulum or do they vary a lot? How different are the two periods? Is this what you expected? What is the total time that each pendulum swings? Do mass or initial angle affect the period of the pendulum? Do they affect the pendulum's total time?
Observations and results Did the longer pendulum have a longer period than the shorter pendulum?
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